Locomotion: Dan Snow’s History of Railways episode 2 – Dan Snow traces the development of Britain’s railways, from the beginnings of a true national network in the late 1830s through to the end of the ‘railway mania’ in 1847. In the late 1830s, the railways arrived in London and linked the capital to Birmingham, Liverpool and Manchester. This was the start of a truly national network – and one of the greatest civil engineering projects in history.
The spread of the railways triggered a mania across Britain. Railway tycoons like Samuel Morton Peto and George Hudson made fortunes as the stock markets boomed around these new developments. Yet the bubble burst in 1847 and shares plummeted. Thousands of ordinary shareholders filled the bankruptcy courts. However as Dan Snow reveals, the legacy of the mania was an incredible rail network for 19th-century Britain and a revolution in the way people lived.
Locomotion: Dan Snow’s History of Railways episode 2
Railways have a long and fascinating history that stretches back over two centuries. The concept of using rails for transportation dates back to ancient civilizations, but the first modern railways were developed in the early 19th century in Great Britain. The first railway to be built in Britain was the Stockton and Darlington Railway, which opened in 1825. It was a horse-drawn railway that carried coal and other goods between the two towns. In 1830, the Liverpool and Manchester Railway opened, which was the first railway to be powered by steam locomotives. This railway revolutionized transportation and quickly spread to other parts of the world, including the United States, Europe, and Asia.
As rail transport became more widespread, it had a major impact on society and the economy. It facilitated the transportation of goods and people over long distances, and it helped to stimulate industrialization and economic growth. Railways also played a key role in the development of tourism, as they made it easier for people to travel to different parts of the country and abroad.
In the 20th century, rail transport faced increasing competition from other modes of transportation, such as automobiles and airplanes. However, it remains an important part of the transportation system in many countries around the world. Today, railways are used to transport goods and people, and they continue to play a vital role in the global economy.
George Stephenson – Locomotion: Dan Snow’s History of Railways episode 2
George Stephenson was a pioneering engineer and inventor who is considered one of the fathers of the railway. He was born in 1781 in England and grew up in a family of miners. He received little formal education, but he had a natural talent for mechanics and engineering. Stephenson’s most significant contribution to the railway industry was the development of the steam locomotive. In 1814, he designed and built his first locomotive, which he called the Blücher. This locomotive was used on the Killingworth Colliery Railway, which was a horse-drawn railway that carried coal from the colliery to the river Tyne.
In 1825, Stephenson built the Stockton and Darlington Railway, which was the first railway to be powered by steam locomotives. This railway was a major milestone in the history of rail transport, as it demonstrated that steam locomotives could be used to transport goods and people over long distances.
Stephenson went on to design and build many other railways in Britain and abroad, and he played a key role in the development of the railway industry. He was a skilled engineer and a visionary thinker, and his contributions to the field of rail transport were instrumental in shaping the modern world.
Liverpool and Manchester Railway
The Liverpool and Manchester Railway was the first inter-city railway in the world. It opened on 15 September 1830 between the Lancashire towns of Liverpool and Manchester in England. It was also the first railway to rely exclusively on locomotives driven by steam power, with no horse-drawn traffic permitted at any time; the first to be entirely double track throughout its length; the first to have a true signalling system; the first to be fully timetabled; and the first to carry mail.
Trains were hauled by company steam locomotives between the two towns, though private wagons and carriages were allowed. Cable haulage of freight trains was down the steeply-graded 1.26-mile (2.03 km) Wapping Tunnel to Liverpool Docks from Edge Hill junction. The railway was primarily built to provide faster transport of raw materials, finished goods and passengers between the Port of Liverpool and the cotton mills and factories of Manchester and surrounding towns.
Designed and built by George Stephenson, the line was financially successful, and influenced the development of railways across Britain in the 1830s. In 1845 the railway was absorbed by its principal business partner, the Grand Junction Railway (GJR), which in turn amalgamated the following year with the London and Birmingham Railway and the Manchester and Birmingham Railway to form the London and North Western Railway.